The Impact of Psychological Insulin Resistance on Self-Care Activities in Patients with Type 2Diabetes Mellitus Undergoing Insulin Therapy

Purpose@#The purpose of this study was to identify the level of psychological insulin resistance and self-care activities and to evaluate the factors affecting self-care activities in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus undergoing insulin therapy to provide basic data for the development of educational programs. @*Methods@#Data were collected through the interviews using a structured questionnaire from August 29 to October 20, 2017, from the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus visiting the Diabetes Mellitus Center at H-General Hospital in J-city. The subjects were 168 patients who had been being treated via self-injection for at least three months after the start of insulin therapy. Data analyses were conducted using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression using the SAS WIN 9.2 program. @*Results@#The mean score of psychological insulin resistance was 61.25 (range 19-95) and the mean score of self-care activities was 53.19 (range 18-90). Self-care activities were significantly different by gender (t = -2.94, p = .004), perceived health status (F = 7.00, p < .001), and hypoglycemia during the last three months (t = -2.47, p = .015). Negative correlation was observed between psychological insulin resistance and self-care activities (r = -.33, p < .001). Self-care activities were significantly predicted by psychological insulin resistance, perceived health status, gender, and hypoglycemia during the last three months, and 19.0% of the variance in self-care activities was explained (F = 9.01, p < .001). @*Conclusion@#Psychological insulin resistance in patients undergoing insulin therapy and its effects on self-care activities identified in this study will be useful in starting and maintaining insulin therapy in the future.

The Relationship Between Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms and Osteoarthritis Symptoms Among Vendors in a Conventional Market / 대한배뇨장애요실금학회지

Purpose@#This study aimed to investigate lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and the correlation between LUTS and osteoarthritis (OA) symptoms in the vendors working in a conventional market. @*Methods@#This cross-sectional study was conducted on 153 vendors aged 40 and over from August 10th to September 8th, 2020, in a conventional market. Data were collected via the self-reported questionnaires. We assessed LUTS by International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and OA symptoms by Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). @*Results@#The mean age of 153 subjects was 61.31±9.92 years old. The mean score of IPSS and WOMAC was 5.37±5.68 (range, 0–35) and 16.89±19.61 (range, 0–96). Fifty-one percent of subjects had urinary incontinence at least monthly. Twenty-four point two percent of subjects had moderate-to-severe LUTS which were defined as a score of IPSS ≥8. LUTS were positively correlated with OA symptoms (r=0.41, P<0.001). @*Conclusions@#The results showed that LUTS were associated with OA symptoms, and it also emphasized the need for vendors to be provided with a health education program to manage and prevent their LUTS and OA symptoms.

Depression is Associated with Chewing and Swallowing Function among Elderly Vendors in a Conventional Market: A Preliminary Research / 대한연하장애학회지

Objective@#This study aimed to investigate the level of chewing and swallowing function (CSF) and the factors related to CSF among elderly vendors in a conventional market. @*Methods@#The cross-sectional study was conducted between August 10 through September 8, 2020, using a self-reporting questionnaire to collect data. The study sample comprised 61 elderly vendors aged 65 years and over, from a conventional market at Jeju-si. CSF was measured using the Questionnaire for Chewing and Swallowing Function of the elderly, and depression was assessed by applying the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. @*Results@#Chewing and swallowing dysfunctions were reported by 34.4% of elderly vendors. CSF was significantly associated with the current smoking status (β=0.39, P=0.001) and depression (β=0.33, P=0.006). @*Conclusion@#These results indicate that current smoker and depression are significant factors affecting CSF. The factors determined in this study may be used in community health programs for preventing and managing chewing and swallowing dysfunction among the elderly vendors in a conventional market.

Depression is Associated with Chewing and Swallowing Function among Elderly Vendors in a Conventional Market: A Preliminary Research / 대한연하장애학회지

Objective@#This study aimed to investigate the level of chewing and swallowing function (CSF) and the factors related to CSF among elderly vendors in a conventional market. @*Methods@#The cross-sectional study was conducted between August 10 through September 8, 2020, using a self-reporting questionnaire to collect data. The study sample comprised 61 elderly vendors aged 65 years and over, from a conventional market at Jeju-si. CSF was measured using the Questionnaire for Chewing and Swallowing Function of the elderly, and depression was assessed by applying the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. @*Results@#Chewing and swallowing dysfunctions were reported by 34.4% of elderly vendors. CSF was significantly associated with the current smoking status (β=0.39, P=0.001) and depression (β=0.33, P=0.006). @*Conclusion@#These results indicate that current smoker and depression are significant factors affecting CSF. The factors determined in this study may be used in community health programs for preventing and managing chewing and swallowing dysfunction among the elderly vendors in a conventional market.

Associations of Illness Symptoms, Perception of Illness, and Coping with Quality of Life of Thyroid Cancer Patients after Thyroidectomy

Purpose@#To determine associations of illness symptoms, perception of illness, coping with quality of life (QOL) of thyroid cancer patients and identify factors affecting their QOL. @*Methods@#A cross-sectional study was performed using a self-administered questionnaire for 111 thyroid cancer patients after thyroidectomy. They were recruited from the outpatient clinic of one university hospital.Data collection was conducted from August 2018 to November 2018. @*Results@#The QOL was significantly associated with interpersonal coping (β= 0.31, p< .001), monthly household income (β= 0.30, p< .001), illness symptoms (β= -0.22, p= .017), perception of illness (β= -0.20, p= .031), and education (β= 0.18, p= .037) in stepwise multiple regression. These factors explained 33.1% of QOL of thyroid cancer patients. @*Conclusion@#Interpersonal coping is a major contributing factor to QOL. Therefore, thyroid cancer patients need good interpersonal coping for better quality of life.

Factors Affecting the Performance of Nurses in Delirium Care / 중환자간호학회지

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to identify the factors influencing nursing performance in caring for patients with delirium.METHODS: This study included 166 nurses who worked for more than 6 months at 4 general hospitals in Jeju Province, South Korea. Patients were administered a self-reported questionnaire. The study was carried out from May 20, 2014, to June 19, 2014. Data analyses were conducted using stepwise multiple regression, Pearson's correlation coefficients, t-test, and analysis of variance using the SAS WIN 9.2 program (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA).RESULTS: The factors associated with nurses' performance in delirium care were work position (β=.22, t=2.58, p < .001) and having received education on delirium care (β=.16, t=2.24, p=.026).CONCLUSION: The results showed that the nurses' work position and having received education on delirium care affected nursing performance in delirium care. In order to improve nurses' performance in delirium care, hospitals should provide a delirium education program for nurses and establish standard guidelines on delirium care.

The Association between Safety Care Activity and Documentation of Nursing Records among Nurses in General Hospitals / 중환자간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the association between safety care activity and documentation of nursing records among nurses working in hospitals and to provide basic data for developing hospital policy for the documentation of nursing records.METHOD: By using a self-reported questionnaire, data were collected from 212 nurses working in six general hospitals in Jeju province from November 2015. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression with the SAS WIN 9.2 program.RESULTS: Safety care activity was positively correlated with the documentation of nursing records (r=.83, p < .001). The documentation of nursing records was significantly predicted by safety care activity, working department, and nursing delivery system, and 70.9% of the variance in the documentation of nursing records was explained (F=172.31, p < .001).CONCLUSION: In this study, safety care activity was the most influencing factor for the documentation of nursing records. Improving work circumstances and building a system are required for nurses' safety care activity to lead to good documentation of nursing records.

The Effectiveness of Community-based Muscle and Joint Self Management Program for Older Adults

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a community-based muscle and joint self-management program with muscle stretching and muscle strengthening exercises for community-dwelling older adults. METHODS: The study was a pre-and-post design in a single group, which examined the effects after the intervention of muscle and joint self-management program for 6 weeks, on the 42 subjects of the elderly who registered in a Community Senior Center in J city. Data analyses were conducted with paired t-test by using a SAS (version 9.2 for Windows) program. RESULTS: The effectiveness of muscle and joint self-management program on shoulder flexibility and right knee extension (flexibility) were significantly improved (t=2.72, p=.010; t=−2.26, p=.029). Joint symptoms (pain, stiffness), physical functioning, depression, fatigue, and left knee extension were not significantly improved after the muscle and joint self-management program. CONCLUSION: The results showed the possibility of this 6-week exercise program in improving shoulder and knee flexibility for community-dwelling older adults.

Awareness and Knowledge about Hepatitis B among North Korean Immigrants / 재활간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify awareness and knowledge about hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among North Korean immigrants who had resided in South Korea. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional, community based study. Data were collected from a convenience sample of 198 North Korean immigrants aged 18 years old through 65 years old among those who had attended community centers, local churches, and gathering places in four cities. The questionnaire included 15 items about participants' knowledge on HBV infection and its consequences, mode of transmission, and preventive measures. RESULTS: The mean score of HBV knowledge was 6.3±3.8 (range 0~15). The items that over 60% of the respondents checked correct answer regarding knowledge about HBV were 'There is blood screening for hepatitis B infection', 'Hepatitis B can be transmitted through sharing needles with infected person'. Multivariate analysis showed that received education for the prevention of HBV infection and disease morbidity were significantly associated with the knowledge of HBV infection. Overall, approximately 11% of total variability in the knowledge of HBV infection could be explained by the 2 variables in this model (R²=.109, p<.001). CONCLUSION: The results showed that North Korean immigrants need more education on HBV infection and prevention to improve their knowledge about HBV.

Predictors of Breast Self Examination Practice among North Korean Immigrant Women

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in women worldwide. Immigrant women face cultural and social impediments, discrimination, and emotional and mental stressors; and they participate less in breast cancer prevention services. Breast self examination (BSE) may be effective in early detection. The purpose of this descriptive cross-sectional study was to identify the practice of BSE and to examine predictors related to the practice of BSE among North Korean female immigrants residing in South Korea. METHODS: Data were collected from a convenience sample of 131 North Korean female immigrants aged 20 years through 65 years who had attended community centers, local churches, and women's gatherings located in Incheon, Kyeongkido, Seoul, and Jeju. RESULTS: This study found that 17.6% of the women performed BSE and 8.4% were taught the methods of detecting breast cancer including BSE. Two significant predictors to performing BSE were found-good perceived health status (P=.003)and education about breast cancer screening and the breast self examination (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that North Korean female immigrants who were taught the detecting methods of breast cancer including BSE were more likely to practice BSE.

Factors Associated with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

PURPOSE: This study was performed to identify lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), and to evaluate the factors affecting LUTS in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS: The cross sectional study was used with a structured questionnaire to collect data through interviews with 181 T2DM patients and their clinical data from a university hospital diabetes clinic from October 2010 to April 2012. LUTS were measured using the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), depression using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) from the clinical data. RESULTS: Of all patients with T2DM, the mean IPSS of LUTS was 9.34 +/- 6.86. Concerning the reported severity of LUTS, 53.6% of the subjects were in the moderate and severe group. In each symptom score of LUTS (range 0-5), nocturia was the highest 2.04, weak stream 1.62, and frequency 1.45. LUTS was significantly predicted by HbA1c and depression, and 14.3% of the variance in LUTS was explained. CONCLUSION: HbA1c and depression were found to be very important factors associated with LUTS in T2DM patients.

Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms and Erectile Dysfunction in Men With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus / 대한배뇨장애요실금학회지

PURPOSE: To assess the prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and erectile dysfunction (ED) and the relationships between LUTS, ED, depression, and other factors in Korean men with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 124 male patients with T2DM who attended a university hospital diabetes clinic between October 2010 and April 2012. Data were collected using structured interviews and chart reviews. LUTS were measured using the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), ED using the five-item Korean version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), depression using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and glycosylated hemoglobin level from clinical data. RESULTS: The IPSS score was 9.2+/-6.6. The total IPSS scores indicated that 53.3% of the subjects had either moderate or severe symptoms. The mean IIEF score was 7.3+/-8.6, indicating the severity of ED to be mild, mild to moderate, moderate, and severe in 10.5%, 9.7%, 1.6%, and 66.9% of the participants, respectively. LUTS showed a significant negative correlation with ED (r=-0.26, P=0.003) and a significant positive correlation with depression (r=0.33, P<0.001). ED was negatively correlated with age (r=-0.44, P<0.001), duration of diabetes (r=-0.26, P=0.004), and depression (r=-0.24, P=0.008). CONCLUSIONS: LUTS and ED were found to have a high prevalence among Korean men with T2DM. More severe ED was associated with worse LUTS, whereas more severe depressive symptoms were found to be associated with more severe ED and LUTS.

Impact of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms and Depression on Health-Related Quality of Life in Older Adults / 대한배뇨장애요실금학회지

PURPOSE: We aimed primarily to investigate the level of health-related quality of life (HRQoL), lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), and depression in older adults and secondly to identify the impact of LUTS and depression on HRQoL. METHODS: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to November 2010. Participants were recruited from five community senior centers serving community dwelling older adults in Jeju city. Data analysis was based on 171 respondents. A structured questionnaire was used to guide interviews; the data were collected including demographic characteristics, body mass index, adherence to regular exercise, comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and osteoarthritis), depression, urinary incontinence, LUTS (measured via the International Prostate Symptom Score [IPSS]), and HRQoL as assessed by use of the EQ-5D Index. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to test predictors of HRQoL. RESULTS: Eighteen percent (18.6%) of the respondents reported depressive symptoms. The mean LUTS score was 8.9 (IPSS range, 0 to 35). The severity of LUTS, was reported to be mild (score, 0 to 7) by 53% of the respondents, moderate (score, 8 to 19) by 34.5%, and severe (score, 20 to 35) by 12.5%. HRQoL was significantly predicted by depression (Partial R2=0.193, P<0.01) and LUTS (Partial R2=0.048, P=0.0047), and 24% of the variance in HRQoL was explained. CONCLUSIONS: LUTS and depression were the principal predictors of HRQoL in older adults.

Hope, Self-care Agency and Mental Health in Patients with Chronic Schizophrenia / 정신간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between hope, self-care agency, and mental health in patients with chronic schizophrenia. METHODS: The participants were 118 patients with chronic schizophrenia receiving care at a community mental health center. Data were collected from March 5th to May 29th, 2009 and were analyzed with using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS: A significant positive correlation was found between hope and self-care agency; and a significant negative correlation between hope and mental health. Hope significantly predicted by mental health (p<.001) explained 34.9% of the variance in mental health. CONCLUSION: As the results indicate hope is significantly correlated with self-care agency and mental health in patients with chronic schizophrenia. It is recommended that intervention programs should be developed to increase hope and to evaluate more precisely factors related to mental health in this population.

Factors associated with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms for Patients with Parkinson's Disease

PURPOSE: The study was done to identify lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and to evaluate the factors affecting LUTS for the people with Parkinson's disease. METHODS: The research design was a cross-sectional study with interviews using a structured questionnaire. The participants were 72 patients with Parkinson's disease who were seen in the Neurology clinic of a university hospital from September to November 2005. RESULTS: Mean score of LUTS for the participants was 10.11. In each symptom score of LUTS (range 0-5), weak stream was the highest 2.06, followed by nocturia 1.71, and urgency 1.61. The severity of LUTS was moderate to severe group for 51%. LUTS were significantly different by regular exercise. Positive correlations were observed between Hoehn and Yahr stage (stage of disease severity) and frequency and between Hoehn and Yahr stage and urgency (r=.280, p=.018; r=.328, p=.005). LUTS were significantly predicted by regular exercise (p=.001) which explained 15.0% of the variance in LUTS. CONCLUSION: Regular exercise was found to be a very important factor associated with LUTS for patients with Parkinson's disease.

The Prevalence of Depression and Related Factors among Adults

PURPOSE: This study was to investigate depression prevalence and related factors of depression in Jeju Province. METHODS: The study sample selected using randomized cluster sampling method, and the unit of cluster was 25 households. Data were collected from 1275 adults in 723 households through home visit interview. The response rate was 89.4%. The instrument used for measuring depression was CES-D, the cut-off score was 21. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test and logistic regression. RESULTS: The prevalence of depression in Jeju was 18.1%. The significant differences were found with depression prevalence rate by the group of gender, age, inhabited area, marital status, educational status, monthly household income, life satisfaction, socioeconomic status, perceived health status, morbidity during last 2 weeks, perceived stress, perceived fatigue, participation in social activities, and family life satisfaction. The most predictive factors among those variables were perceived fatigue with 17.93 of odds ratio, family life satisfaction with 9.86 odds ratio, and perceived stress with 9.66 of odds ratio. CONCLUSION: The prevention and management of depression program development was suggested and mental health promotion program for the prevention of depression was suggested.

Fatigue Associated with Kidney Disease Symptoms in Female Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis / 기본간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was done to provide fundamental data for nursing interventions to prevent and reduce fatigue and to identify fatigue and kidney disease symptoms in female patients on hemodialysis and evaluate factors associated with this fatigue. METHOD: A cross-sectional study design was used with self-administered questionnaires which included general characteristics and the fatigue scale developed by Brown, Dittner, Findly, & Wessely (2005) (Cronbach's alpha=0.98 and for present study alpha=0.96) and a review of laboratory data. From eight dialysis units, 84 women were enrolled. Data were analyzed using the SAS program. RESULTS: Mean score for fatigue was 49.4 (range 16~78) and fatigue by research variables was significantly different by age (0.046), employment status (0.041), menopause (0.009), hypoalbuminemia (0.022), length of time on dialysis (0.48) and kidney disease symptoms (0.000). Correlations between fatigue and lack of strength, dizziness, and cramps after dialysis were significantly higher. Factors affecting fatigue were kidney disease symptoms and length of time on dialysis, explaining 49.2% of fatigue. CONCLUSION: A comprehensive approach considering kidney disease symptoms, length of time on hemodialysis, age, menopause, and hypoalbuminemia are required for interventions to reduce fatigue in female patients on hemodialysis.

Reality of Urinary Incontinence in Patients with Parkinson's Disease

PURPOSE: The study was performed to identify the reality of urinary incontinence (UI) and to evaluate the risk factors developing UI for the patients with Parkinson's disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was the cross-sectional study with interviews using structured questionnaires. The subjects who were 72 patients(male 20, female 52) and their mean age is 70.07+/-20.06(range 54~86) with Parkinson's disease visited the Neurology clinic, from September to November 2005, at one university hospital located in Jeju island. RESULTS: Subjects with restricted mobility were 45, and 13 were in first stage of Hoehn & Yahr stage, 31 were in second stage, 28 were in third stage. Fifty three(73.6%) subjects had experienced UI. Mixed UI was in 32 (44.4%), stress UI 12(16.7%), and urge UI 9(12.5%), respectively. As for risk factors developing UI, female had 1.62 times(OR=1.62, 95% CI=0.47~5.66) more than male, age of 80~86 had 3.20 times(OR=3.20, 95% CI=0.65~15.69) more than age of 54~69, subjects with restricted mobility had 2.75 times(OR=2.75, 95% CI=0.80~9.43) more than subjects without restricted mobility. Group without regular exercise had 2.9 times more than group with regular exercise(OR=2.90, 95% CI=0.92~9.22). Cognitive impairment group had 1.98 times more than normal mental status group(OR=1.98, 95% CI=0.39~9.97). Second stage had 4.91 times(OR=4.91, 95% CI=0.55~43.53) and third stage had 5.68 times(OR=5.68, 95% CI=00.64~50.73) more than first stage in Hoehn and Yahr stage. CONCLUSION: There is a high prevalence(73.6%) of UI in patients with Parkinson's diseases. Mixed UI was the most common type of incontinence. Risk factors developing UI were higher in female, older group, restricted mobility group, group without regular exercise, cognitive impairment group andhigher Hoehn and Yahr stage.

Clinical Outcome of Tension-free Transobturator Suburethral Tape (inside-out TVT-O) Procedure for the Treatment of Stress Urinary Incontinence: The Two Years Follow-up

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical outcome, patient's satisfaction and complications of inside-out tension-free transobturator suburethral tape (inside-out TVT-O) procedure for the surgical treatment of female stress urinary incontinence during the follow-up 2 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From August 2004 to August 2006, 86 women with stress urinary incontinence underwent inside-out TVT-O procedures. We analyzed parameters incuding history taking, physical examination and urodynamic study. Postoperative clinical outcome, patient's satisfaction, complications and success rates for Stamey grade were evaluated after 12 months and 24 months. RESULTS: The success rates were 97.6% (cured 90.7%, improved 6.9%) and 97.6% (cured 88%, improved 9.6%) at 1 and 2 years follow-up. The satisfaction rates were 95.2% at 1 year and 91.6% at 2 years. There was no significant difference of success rate between pure stress urinary incontinence and mixed urinary incontinence (p>0.05). There were no serious or long-term complications related to the procedure. CONCLUSIONS: We considered that inside-out TVT-O procedure was a safe and effective procedure for female stress urinary incontinence for 2 years, although longer follow-up is necessary to determine long-term effect.

Sexual Dysfunction in Female Patients on Hemodialysis / 대한남성과학회지

PURPOSE: We sought to identify the prevalence of sexual dysfunction and to evaluate the six domains of sexual function in female hemodialysis patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We undertook a cross-sectional study based on self-administered questionnaires and reviews of laboratory data that were collected from February to June 2007. A total of 49 women (mean age 52.3 years) from eight dialysis units were enrolled. Sexual function was assessed by the Korean version of the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). RESULTS: Forty-one patients (83.7%) reported sexual dysfunction during the prior 6 months. The mean score for sexual function in the sexual dysfunction group was 15.1, much lower than 29.6 for the normal sexual function group (t=10.2, p=0.000). In the six domains of sexual function for the dysfunction group, orgasm (range 0~6.0) was 2.4, desire (range 1.2~6.0) 1.9, and arousal (range 0~6.0) 1.9. The sexual dysfunction group was significantly older in age and lower in serum albumin level as compared with normal sexual function group. CONCLUSIONS: Sexual dysfunction in female patients on hemodialysis was highly prevalent. Interventions to promote orgasm, desire, and arousal in female patients on hemodialysis should be developed.